ZDBC Accelerator: Everything You Need to Know

What is the ZDBC accelerator, and how does it work?

Zinc Dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) is an organic compound extensively used as an accelerator in the process of rubber vulcanization. As an ultra-accelerator, it provides faster curing rates and allows for shorter vulcanization cycles compared to conventional accelerators. In the vulcanization process, ZDBC reacts with sulfur to form cross-links between the polymer chains of the rubber, thereby enhancing the rubber’s durability and resistance to deformation. Despite its high reactivity, ZDBC maintains excellent scorch safety, making it suitable for a wide range of rubber products.

Understanding the chemical composition of ZDBC

ZDBC, chemically known as Zinc Dibutyldithiocarbamate, is composed of several elements that give it its unique properties as a rubber accelerator.

1. Zinc (Zn): Zinc acts as the central atom in the ZDBC compound. It is crucial to the compound’s stability and reactivity.
2. Carbon (C): Eight Carbon atoms in the compound form the base of the Dibutyldithiocarbamate ligands.
3. Hydrogen (H): Hydrogen atoms, sixteen in total, are attached to the Carbon atoms, completing the organic part of the compound.
4. Sulfur (S): Two Sulfur atoms act as part of the Dithiocarbamate ligands, crucial for ZDBC’s interaction with rubber during vulcanization.
5. Nitrogen (N): Nitrogen atoms, two in number, complete the Dithiocarbamate ligands, contributing to the compound’s reactivity.

The formula of ZDBC can be represented as Zn[(C4H9)2NCS2]2, where the Dibutyldithiocarbamate ligands are expressed in square brackets. The compound is characterized by its high reactivity, excellent scorch safety, and ability to accelerate vulcanization in rubber processing.

Role of ZDBC in rubber acceleration

ZDBC plays a pivotal role in the acceleration of rubber vulcanization with its unique properties. Here are some of the critical roles it performs:

1. Acceleration of Vulcanization: ZDBC, with its high reactivity, significantly speeds up the vulcanization process. This allows for faster production cycles in the manufacturing of rubber goods.
2. Formation of Cross-links: ZDBC aids in the formation of sulfur cross-links between the rubber polymer chains. This process is integral to improving the mechanical properties of rubber products, enhancing their durability and resistance to deformation.
3. Scorch Safety: Despite its high reactivity, ZDBC maintains excellent scorch safety. This property prevents premature vulcanization during processing, ensuring a consistent and high-quality end product.
4. Versatility: The unique characteristics of ZDBC make it suitable for a wide range of rubber products, from tires to gloves and even to toys, demonstrating its versatility in the rubber industry.
5. Improved Aging Properties: ZDBC also helps improve the aging properties of rubber products, extending their functional lifespan and reducing waste and resource consumption.

Each of these roles lends to the overall efficiency and quality of rubber production, making ZDBC an indispensable component in the rubber industry.

Comparison of ZDBC with other accelerators

In comparison to other accelerators commonly used in the rubber industry, ZDBC exhibits several distinguishing features:

1. ZDBC vs. MBTS: MBTS (Dibenzothiazole Disulfide) is another accelerator used in rubber vulcanization. However, ZDBC surpasses MBTS in its reactivity, offering a faster vulcanization process. MBTS also lacks the scorch safety that is one of the defining characteristics of ZDBC.
2. ZDBC vs. TBBS: TBBS (N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide) is used as a delayed action accelerator with slow vulcanization onset, whereas ZDBC offers quick onset of vulcanization, leading to shorter production times.
3. ZDBC vs CBS: CBS (CZ) is a primary amine-based accelerator with good scorch safety, but it doesn’t contribute significantly to improving the aging properties of rubber products as ZDBC does.
4. ZDBC vs TMTD: TMTD (Tetramethylthiuram disulfide) provides a fast rate of vulcanization but with low scorch safety. ZDBC, on the other hand, balances high reactivity with excellent scorch safety.

This comparison further asserts the unique and valuable role ZDBC plays in the rubber industry, underpinning its widespread use.

Effect of ZDBC on Rubber Properties

ZDBC imparts several advantageous properties to rubber products, enhancing their performance, durability, and adaptability to various conditions:

1. Enhanced Heat Resistance: ZDBC significantly improves the heat resistance of rubber products, enabling them to function optimally in high-temperature environments without rapid degradation.
2. Improved Aging Properties: ZDBC slows down the aging process of rubber, thereby prolonging the lifespan of rubber products and reducing the frequency of their replacement.
3. Increased Flexibility: With the addition of ZDBC, rubber products exhibit increased flexibility, enabling them to withstand deformations without cracking or breaking.
4. Superior Scorch Safety: ZDBC provides excellent scorch safety during the vulcanization process, preventing premature cross-linking and delivering high-quality end products.
5. Faster Vulcanization: ZDBC accelerates the vulcanization process, thereby reducing production time and increasing manufacturing efficiency.
6. Better Weathering Resistance: Rubber products with ZDBC exhibit enhanced resistance to environmental conditions like UV radiation and ozone, reducing the risk of weather-induced degradation.

With these enhanced properties, ZDBC plays a critical role in producing high-quality, durable, and versatile rubber products.

Recommended application and dosage of ZDBC

ZDBC is highly recommended for a variety of rubber manufacturing applications owing to its beneficial properties. Here are some suggested applications along with the recommended dosage:

1. Conveyor Belts: In the manufacturing of rubber conveyor belts, a dosage of 0.5-1.0 phr of ZDBC is typically recommended to increase heat resistance and flexibility.
2. Automotive Tires: For automotive tires, a dosage of 0.8-1.2 phr of ZDBC improves aging properties and enhances weathering resistance.
3. Rubber Seals and Gaskets: In the production of seals and gaskets, a ZDBC dosage of 1.0-1.5 phr can accelerate vulcanization and improve scorch safety.
4. Rubber Hoses: For rubber hoses, a ZDBC dose of 0.5-1.0 phr can help achieve optimal performance and longevity.

Please note that the dosage may vary depending on the specific requirements of the end product. It is essential to carry out the necessary tests to determine the optimal dosage for each application.

Properties and applications of ZDBC accelerator

ZDBC, scientifically known as Zinc Dibutyldithiocarbamate, is characterized by the following physical and chemical properties:

• Molecular Formula: C18H36N2S4Zn
• Appearance: White to light pink powder
• Density: Approximately 1.24 g/cm³
• Melting Point: Between 104 – 110 °C
• Solubility: Insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and benzene.

These properties contribute to ZDBC’s reactivity and efficacy as a rubber accelerator. Its low solubility in water ensures that it remains stable even in humid conditions, while its solubility in alcohol and benzene makes it easy to mix with other rubber compounds. The relatively low melting point of ZDBC allows it to be easily integrated into rubber mixtures during the manufacturing process.

Applications in rubber products

ZDBC, due to its unique properties, serves a wide range of applications in the rubber industry. Here are some critical applications:

 Conveyor Belts: In the manufacturing of rubber conveyor belts, ZDBC can be used as an accelerator to enhance the vulcanization process, improving the product’s durability and resistance to wear and tear.

Rubber Gloves: ZDBC plays a critical role in the production of rubber gloves, particularly in the medical field. Its use can increase elasticity and strength, providing a comfortable fit and optimal protection.

Automotive Rubber Parts: ZDBC is often used in the production of various automotive rubber parts such as bushings, mounts, and gaskets. It enhances the properties of these parts, increasing their lifespan and performance.

Rubber Footwear: In footwear production, ZDBC aids in accelerating the vulcanization process, providing the finished product with increased durability and comfort.

Remember, the actual dosage of ZDBC will depend on the specific requirements of the rubber product being manufactured. Always conduct appropriate tests to find the optimal dosage.

Compatibility with other rubber additives

ZDBC exhibits compatibility with a range of other rubber additives, further expanding its application in the rubber industry.

• Sulfur: ZDBC can be combined with sulfur in the rubber vulcanization process to expedite cross-linking and enhance the mechanical properties of the final product.
• Stearic Acid: This fatty acid is often used alongside ZDBC as an activator. The combination can improve the dispersion of other additives and promote a more uniform vulcanization process.
• Antioxidants: Antioxidants such as MB or MBZ can be used with ZDBC to prevent oxidative degradation, thereby extending the lifespan of rubber products.
• Fillers: ZDBC can interact positively with fillers like carbon black or silica, ensuring an even distribution of these materials throughout the rubber mixture.

However, it is crucial to note that the compatibility of ZDBC with other rubber additives may be influenced by factors such as the specific type of rubber, the processing conditions, and the desired properties of the end product. Therefore, formulation tests should be conducted to ascertain the correct ratios and combinations.

Storage and handling guidelines for ZDBC

ZDBC should be stored and handled with care to maintain its efficacy and ensure safety at the workplace. Here are some essential guidelines to keep in mind:

• Storage Environment: ZDBC should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from heat, sparks, and open flames. The storage location should be free from moisture to prevent degradation of the material.
• Container Handling: ZDBC should be kept in its original packaging until use. Ensure that the containers are tightly sealed to avoid exposure to the atmosphere.
• Personal Protection: Handlers should wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eyewear to prevent any direct contact with ZDBC. If skin or eye contact occurs, rinse immediately with plenty of water.
• Spill and Disposal: In case of a spill, use absorbent materials to clean up and dispose of the waste safely according to local regulations. Avoid releasing ZDBC into the environment.
• Exposure Controls: Adequate ventilation should be in place to keep airborne concentrations of ZDBC below permissible exposure limits.

Remember, these are general guidelines and may need to be tailored depending on specific workplace conditions and local regulations. Always refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of ZDBC for detailed safety information.

Safety considerations when using ZDBC

ZDBC, while an effective accelerator in the rubber industry, does carry certain risks that call for utmost safety during its handling and use. These include:

• Skin and Eye Irritation: ZDBC is a known skin irritant and may cause eye burns. Direct contact should be avoided. In case of accidental contact, immediately rinse the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical attention if necessary.
• Ingestion and Inhalation: If accidentally ingested or inhaled, ZDBC can cause discomfort. Seek immediate medical attention and ensure proper ventilation in the workspace.
• Fire Hazard: While ZDBC is not highly flammable, it can fuel fires. Fire extinguishers should be readily available, and the workspace should be kept free from sparks or open flames.
• Environmental Hazard: Care should be taken to prevent ZDBC from entering the environment. Dispose of it responsibly and in accordance with local regulations to mitigate environmental impact.

Adherence to these safety measures ensures that the benefits of ZDBC can be utilized while minimizing any potential hazards. Any situation not covered in these guidelines should be treated with caution, and professional help should be sought.

How to choose the right ZDBC accelerator product

Factors to consider before purchasing ZDBC

When choosing the right ZDBC accelerator product, it’s essential to consider the following key factors:

• Quality and Purity: The quality and purity of ZDBC play a critical role in its effectiveness as a rubber accelerator. Always opt for products that guarantee high purity levels.
• Supplier Reputation: The reputation of the supplier is a significant factor. Ensure that the supplier is reliable, adheres to industry standards, and has positive reviews or testimonials.
• Price: While not the sole deciding factor, the price of ZDBC should align with your budget without compromising quality.
• Regulatory Compliance: The product should comply with all relevant local and international regulations. Make sure the supplier provides all necessary documentation, such as MSDS.
• Packaging and Delivery: Consider the supplier’s packaging and delivery options. Proper packaging is vital for maintaining the quality and safety of ZDBC, and reliable delivery ensures you receive the product when needed.
• Technical Support: Good suppliers provide comprehensive technical support and guidance on the product’s optimal use. This can be particularly beneficial if you encounter any issues or have specific usage questions.

By taking these factors into account, you can ensure that you choose the most suitable ZDBC product for your specific needs.

Understanding different grades and specifications

ZDBC accelerators are available in various grades and specifications, each designed to cater to specific application requirements.

• Industrial Grade: This grade is typically used for general purposes in the rubber industry. It features standard purity levels and is well-suited to a variety of typical applications. It’s a cost-effective choice for many businesses.
• Pharmaceutical Grade: With a much higher level of purity, this grade is suited for use in medical-related applications. Pharmaceutical grade ZDBC is rigorously tested to ensure it meets stringent quality standards.
• Technical Grade: This grade offers a balance between purity and cost-effectiveness. It’s ideally suited for specialized applications that require a high degree of reliability and efficiency.
• High Purity Grade: This grade signifies the highest purity level. It is intended for highly specialized applications where even the most minor impurities can significantly impact the final product’s performance.

Understanding these various grades and choosing the right one for your specific needs is crucial to achieving optimal performance from your ZDBC accelerator.

Key considerations when sourcing ZDBC from suppliers

When sourcing ZDBC from suppliers, there are several key considerations to keep in mind:

• Supplier’s Reputation and Reliability: Before finalizing a supplier, it’s essential to research their market reputation. Assess the supplier’s reliability based on their delivery timelines, product quality, and customer service.
• Quality Certifications: Suppliers should have the necessary certifications that assure the quality of their products. Certifications such as ISO 9001 demonstrate the supplier’s commitment to quality management principles.
• Product Pricing: While cost-effectiveness is essential, it should not compromise the quality of ZDBC. It’s important to balance price and quality to ensure that you’re getting the best value for your money.
• Supply Chain Stability: A reliable supplier should have a stable supply chain that can guarantee regular deliveries. Any disruption in the chain can lead to delays, which may impact your operations.
• Technical Support: Suppliers that provide technical support can help you resolve any issues you might encounter with the product. This could be particularly advantageous if you’re using ZDBC for specialized applications.
• Sustainability Practices: In today’s context, it’s essential to consider whether the supplier follows environmentally friendly and sustainable practices in the production of ZDBC.

Your choice of supplier can significantly influence the success of your operations. Hence, these factors should be carefully assessed.

Quality assurance and certifications for ZDBC products

Quality assurance and regulatory compliance are crucial factors when sourcing ZDBC products. Suppliers should be able to demonstrate their adherence to internationally recognized quality standards, like ISO 9001, which validates their commitment to delivering high-quality products consistently. Certifications such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) and RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) are equally important, ensuring the product’s safety and environmental impact compliance. Always ask for documentation that verifies the supplier’s certifications and compliance with these standards. This ensures not only the consistent performance of the product but also its alignment with global environmental and safety standards.

ZDBC accelerator: Benefits for rubber production

Impact of ZDBC on curing and vulcanization of rubber

ZDBC, as a primary accelerator, offers several significant benefits in the curing and vulcanization process of rubber:

• Enhanced Curing Efficiency: ZDBC significantly reduces the curing time, improving the process efficiency. This is key in mass production scenarios, where reduced curing time can lead to higher throughput.
• Improved Vulcanization: ZDBC induces faster cross-linking in the rubber matrix, resulting in better vulcanization. This results in rubber products with enhanced mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear and tear.
• Heat Resistance: Products cured with ZDBC exhibit superior resistance to high temperatures, making them suitable for manufacturing rubber products that need to withstand high-heat environments.
• Flexibility: The use of ZDBC as an accelerator imparts greater flexibility to the rubber product, making it more resilient to bending, twisting, and various forms of mechanical stress.

Remember, the usage dosage and conditions of ZDBC must be carefully controlled to achieve the desired properties in the final rubber product.

Enhancing performance and durability of rubber products with ZDBC

ZDBC plays a vital role in improving the performance and durability of rubber products. A key feature of ZDBC is its ability to optimize the rubber’s chemical structure, thereby improving its overall performance metrics:

• Improved Abrasion Resistance: With ZDBC, rubber products exhibit enhanced abrasion resistance. This is critical for applications such as tires, footwear soles, and conveyor belts, where wear resistance is a crucial requirement.
• Increased Aging Resistance: ZDBC helps slow down the aging process of rubber products, maintaining their elasticity and strength over time. This leads to an extended product lifespan, adding value for end-users.
• Enhanced Chemical Resistance: Rubber products treated with ZDBC display increased resistance to various chemicals, making them suitable for use in harsh environments.
• Superior Weathering Resistance: ZDBC treatment also imparts excellent resistance to harsh weather conditions, preventing degradation due to UV exposure, ozone, and extreme temperatures.

Careful control over the ZDBC dosage and curing conditions helps in achieving these benefits. However, it’s important to remember that the overall formulation, including the type of rubber and other additives utilized, also plays a critical role in the final product’s performance and durability.

Effect of ZDBC on the cost and efficiency of rubber processing

ZDBC has a significant impact on the cost and efficiency of rubber processing. It offers long-term cost savings through enhanced durability and reduced replacements. Additionally, it optimizes processing workflow by accelerating curing times and improving qualities like chemical and weather resistance. However, careful formulation and process optimization are needed to balance performance enhancement with cost efficiency.

Advantages of using ZDBC in natural and synthetic rubber production

ZDBC confers several advantages when used in the production of both natural and synthetic rubber, including:

• Improved Product Performance: ZDBC enhances the physical and chemical properties of rubber, allowing it to withstand demanding conditions. This results in a higher quality product that outperforms those not treated with ZDBC.
• Cost-Effective Processing: The accelerated curing times provided by ZDBC lead to more efficient production processes, reducing manufacturing costs and allowing for higher throughput.
• Increased Product Durability: The enhanced aging, chemical, and weathering resistance conferred by ZDBC treatment results in rubber products with longer service life, reducing the need for frequent replacements.
• Broad Compatibility: ZDBC can be used effectively in the production of many different types of rubber, making it a versatile additive for diverse applications.
• Enhanced User Satisfaction: The superior performance and durability of rubber products treated with ZDBC lead to increased user satisfaction, improving brand reputation and customer loyalty.

As always, it’s essential to optimize the amount of ZDBC used and the curing conditions to ensure the best possible performance and cost-effectiveness.

Case studies showcasing the benefits of ZDBC accelerator

Case Study 1: Enhancing Performance of Automotive Tires

A leading tire manufacturing company incorporated ZDBC in their production process, aiming to enhance the durability and performance of their products. After a controlled trial period, they observed a 25% increase in tire lifespan and a 15% improvement in fuel efficiency, attributed to less rolling resistance. This adjustment in their production process not only increased customer satisfaction but also boosted their market shares significantly due to the enhanced product quality.

Case Study 2: Improving Efficiency in Conveyor Belt Production

A conveyor belt manufacturer turned to ZDBC to expedite their production process. The introduction of ZDBC as an accelerator in their vulcanization process reduced curing times by 30%, leading to a significant increase in production efficiency. This change resulted in reduced manufacturing costs and increased throughput, enabling the company to meet the growing demand without compromising on the quality or lifespan of its conveyor belts.

Case Study 3: Boosting Durability in Rubber Boot Production

A well-known rubber boot manufacturer incorporated ZDBC to enhance their boots’ resistance to extreme conditions. Post-implementation, the company noted a remarkable improvement in their products’ weathering and chemical resistance. The shoes were able to withstand demanding conditions, leading to a 40% reduction in customer complaints related to product degradation. This improvement resulted in increased customer loyalty and enhanced brand reputation.

Ensuring safe and efficient use of the ZDBC accelerator

Guidelines for secure handling and storage of ZDBC

ZDBC, like many chemical accelerators, must be treated with care to ensure safety and preserve its effectiveness.

• Handling: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and lab coats when handling ZDBC. Avoid breathing dust/fumes/gas/mist/vapors. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. If on the skin, rinse the skin with water/shower.
• Storage: Store ZDBC in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances such as potent oxidizing agents. The storage area should be locked, and access restricted to trained personnel only.
• Spillage/Emergency Measures: In case of spillage, avoid dust formation and use a vacuum cleaner to collect the spilled material. If vacuuming is not possible, use a dustpan and broom. Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Remember, ZDBC should be used by trained personnel who understand the precautions necessary when dealing with chemicals. It’s not only about ensuring the product’s efficiency but also about securing a safe and healthy working environment.

Environmental and regulatory considerations for ZDBC usage

ZDBC, like other chemical accelerators, can have potential environmental impacts if not appropriately managed. Therefore, several critical environmental and regulatory considerations should be kept in mind when using ZDBC.

• Environmental Impact: ZDBC can be harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. It is essential to prevent the chemical from entering drains, surface water, or groundwater. Dispose of any waste materials in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
• Regulatory Compliance: ZDBC falls under a number of chemical regulations worldwide, such as REACH in the European Union, TSCA in the United States, and K-REACH in South Korea. Ensure all usage, storage, and disposal practices comply with these regulations.
• Transportation: When transporting ZDBC, it should be categorized as an Environmentally Hazardous Substance and labeled and handled accordingly. Always follow the appropriate guidelines for the transport of hazardous materials.
• Disposal: Waste containing ZDBC should not be discarded without treatment. Instead, it should be taken to a suitable and authorized waste disposal site in accordance with local regulations.

Remember, responsible management of ZDBC is crucial to minimize its environmental impact and to comply with international norms and regulations. Ensuring the safety of our ecosystem is as essential as providing a safe and healthy work environment.

Training and education for personnel working with the ZDBC accelerator

When working with ZDBC, personnel need to undergo comprehensive training and education. This should encompass the chemical’s properties, potential hazards, appropriate handling procedures, and emergency response methods.

• Chemical Properties and Hazards: Initiate training modules that outline the chemical properties of ZDBC, including its potential hazards. Understanding the chemical’s potential impact on the environment and health will contribute to safer working practices.
• Handling Procedure: Provide detailed instructions on the proper handling, storage, and disposal of ZDBC. This includes the correct use of protective equipment and safety procedures to minimize personal exposure and environmental release.
• Emergency Response: Equip your team with the knowledge and skills to respond effectively to potential incidents. This might include spill procedures, first-aid measures, and methods for neutralizing the chemical.
• Regulatory Compliance: To ensure compliance with local, state, and international regulations, develop an awareness of the regulatory aspects of ZDBC. This includes the correct documentation, labeling, and transportation methods.

Incorporating these elements into a robust training program will ensure a safe and compliant working environment while handling ZDBC. Consistent training updates are crucial to keep personnel abreast of any new developments or changes in regulations. Regular assessments should also be conducted to ensure competency and understanding of the training material among all employees.

Expert advice on optimizing ZDBC application for specific rubber formulations

To optimize the application of Zinc Dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) in specific rubber formulations, it is essential to understand the synergy between the chemical and the rubber compound.

• Concentration: The concentration of ZDBC plays a critical role in determining the overall performance of the rubber product. A higher concentration may quicken the vulcanization process, enhancing the product’s resistance to heat and aging. However, exceeding the optimal concentration can lead to overture, causing the rubber to become brittle and lose its elasticity.
• Temperature Control: The vulcanization temperature should be carefully regulated. Higher temperatures can speed up the reaction, but if the temperature exceeds the safe limit, it could degrade the rubber.
• Interaction with Other Additives: ZDBC does not work in isolation. Its interaction with other additives in the rubber formulation can have a significant impact on the end product’s properties. For instance, the presence of sulfur can enhance the cross-linking process, improving the product’s durability and resilience.
• Storage Conditions: Lastly, the storage conditions of ZDBC can influence its efficacy. It should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from heat and moisture, to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

Always adhere to the manufacturer’s guidelines and safety measures when handling and applying ZDBC. Experiment with different ratios, temperatures, and additive combinations to determine the most effective formulation for your specific rubber product.

References

1. Akrochem Technical Papers: A comprehensive resource on accelerators and accelerator systems, including ZDBC. Offers technical details and insights into the chemical composition and application of ZDBC.
2. SpecialChem Accelerators for Rubbers: Provides a classification of accelerators and a checklist to select the right accelerator based on specific vulcanizing systems and curing properties.
3. WESTCO™ ZDBC Accelerator for Rubber: Manufacturer’s website offering product-specific information, including application details and cure rates of ZDBC.
4. NOCIL Vulcanization & Accelerators: An in-depth look at the process of vulcanization and the role of accelerators. It provides context for understanding the role of ZDBC in the rubber industry.
5. Robinson Brothers Safer Rubber Accelerators: Discusses the safety aspects of using ZDBC and its effectiveness in curing latex.
6. Harwick Material Safety Data Sheet: Official safety data sheet providing essential health and safety information about ZDBC.
7. Azelis Robac ZDBC: Manufacturer’s site detailing the applications of ZDBC in various general-purpose polymers.
8. D-Bond Product Information: A resource offering detailed product information on various accelerators, including ZDBC.
9. Go Biotech Rubber Accelerator ZDBC: A commercial site providing specific properties and storage information about ZDBC.
10. Rubber News High Performance Environmentally Safer Accelerator: An article discussing the environmental considerations of using ZDBC as an accelerator in rubber compounding.
    
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